概率论与数理统计作为一门具有深刻理论背景和广阔应用前景的学科，其学科前沿领域有着非常丰富的内容。按照美国数学会2000主题分类（http://www.ams.org/msc），主要包含以下前沿科研领域：

60-XXProbability theory and stochastic processes

60AxxFoundations of probability theory

60BxxProbability theory on algebraic and topological structures

60C05 Combinatorial probability

60D05 Geometric probability, stochastic geometry, random sets

60ExxDistribution theory

60FxxLimit theorems

60GxxStochastic processes

60HxxStochastic analysis

60JxxMarkov processes

60KxxSpecial processes

62-XXStatistics统计

62A01 Foundational and philosophical topics

62BxxSufficiency and information

62CxxDecision theory

62D05 Sampling theory, sample surveys

62ExxDistribution theory

62FxxParametric inference

62GxxNonparametric inference

62HxxMultivariate analysis

62JxxLinear inference, regression

62KxxDesign of experiments

62LxxSequential methods

62MxxInference from stochastic processes

62NxxSurvival analysis and censored data

62PxxApplications

62Q05 Statistical tables